Common construction hoist faults mainly focus on electrical systems, mechanical transmission, lifting mechanisms, and safety devices, most of which are caused by wear, improper operation, or lack of maintenance.
Construction hoists often experience stalling, stagnation, or uneven speed during lifting. This could be caused by severe wear of the guide pulleys between the guide rail frame and the car, leading to jamming during operation. It could also be caused by loose or corroded chains or wire ropes in the transmission system, resulting in uneven force distribution. Unstable motor output power or abnormal inverter parameters could also cause the lifting speed to fluctuate, impacting operational efficiency and safety. Prompt inspection of the transmission and power components is essential.
The door control system is critical to ensuring safety. Common faults include landing doors or car doors failing to close properly and safety lock failure. Landing doors may become stuck or not close properly due to deformed tracks or damaged pulleys. Poor contact in the car door's safety interlock can prevent the equipment from starting or cause an inadvertent shutdown during operation. In some cases, aging of the door control circuit or loose wiring can also cause malfunction in the door control function. In particular, the door lock mechanism and circuit connections should be carefully inspected.
Braking system failures pose a direct safety threat, manifesting as increased braking distance, a failure to securely engage the brake, and even car slippage. These failures are often caused by excessive brake pad wear or excessive brake clearance, resulting in insufficient braking force. Alternatively, they may be caused by oil leaks or insufficient pressure in the brake hydraulic system, or damage to the electromagnetic brake coil, preventing the brake from properly engaging. Brake spring slack after prolonged use can also lead to brake failure. Regular inspection of brake component wear and performance is essential.
Abnormal noises during equipment operation are often warning signs of faults. A harsh noise from the gearbox may indicate gear wear, tooth spalling, or insufficient lubrication. A metal-to-metal friction sound during car operation may indicate a lack of oil in the guide pulleys or rust on the guide rails. Abnormal noises during motor operation may indicate bearing damage or a stator winding short circuit. Different noises in different locations indicate different faults, and the source of the noise must be carefully considered to accurately locate the faulty component.
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